Gaseous-power generator.



G. MATRIGARDI.

GAsEoUs POWER GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1911.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

111111lll/[111,111lll/111111111 AVL f GIUSEPPEIMATRICARDI,

or FALL-Anza, ITALY. f

GAsEoUs-POWER GENERATOR.

Application led March 6.

a subject of the Italian King,`an d resident the valves b, b are hollow and the passages thus formed are closed at one end by small at Pallanza. Lago halaggore, Italy, have iu- 'vented certain new and useful Improvements in Gaseous-Iowcr Generators.

This 'invention relates to improvements in gaseous power generators.

The present invention has for its object to provide an explosion compressor, into which the air and the combustible are drawnv and compressed, then burned under high. lpressure, and finally mixed With vfresh air, so that the total mixturearrives in the reser- 'voir at a temperature of 100o Cels. and under a pressure which may vary Within certain limits. .The result is that nearly the total caljoric energy of the burned combustible is tretained in the gases 0f the reservoir, in the form of pressure or heat, and that the total eiciency of a motor operated by an explosion compressor, of the type of the present invention, or by a turbine, depends only on the etliciency of the turbine.

In the annexed drawing, given by Way of example, two forms of the invention have been shown. v,

Figure 1is a diagram of the expansion and compression. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the compressor constructed ac- 'cording to this invention. vFig. 3 is a diagrammatic View of a second form.

. With yreference to Fig. 2, a represents a cylinder closed at both ends by automatic inlet valves b, band wherein a piston c moves, the mass thereof being calculated, in accordance with conditions. l, Ata certain distance from the ends of the cylindera are disposed automatic outlet valves d, d. The latter permit the escape of the gases from the cylinder into the chambers e, e communicating with a reservoir under pressure, not shown, by means of the pipe f.

1 The valves b, b are held on their seats by means of springs g, g', respectively, and said valves open when a slight reduction of pressure is produced within the cylinder. The air is guided by the envelopsz., ZL covering heat radiating ribs z", which arev serrated to permit the passage ot air. The stems' of the valves Z), b fit 'closely in their `guides andv extendy into chambers m, m. wherein discharge pipes y', j openand suply the gases, the combustible vapor or the pulverized combustible under a pressure,

which may be Aslightly greater than that Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

1911. Serial No. 612,720.

i of the reservoir or the pipe f. The said gases or combustible vapors may be con-V trolled by means of a cock 7). The stems of Z, Z are opened, in order to permit the gases or combustible vapors to enter the cylinder through the passages if the pressure is sufficient. The caps n, n. which are perforated and fixed to the valves Z), b', serve to divide ythe gases or vapors into very fine jets so as to assure a more homogeneous Carburation vof a part of the air lof the cylinder'. As soon as the valves Z), b are opened, the apertures Z, Z are closed, and entrance of the gases or combustible vapors into the cylinder is thus interrupted. This arrangement may otherwise be applied to the distributing valve motion of all internal combustion engines. The cocks-0, 0 control air under high pressure to start the piston. It is possible to substitute for this starting method, an explosive charge which may take theplace of one ofthe cocks 0,- 0. V

The operation is the following: The piston is assumed to be in the position shown in Fig. 2, and a pressure, represented bv the ordinate .cr-y of the diagram of the Fig. 1, existing within the reservoir, the pipe f and the chambers e. e. It there is introduced a. high pressure through the cock o, the piston is immediatelyr moved to the right hand end and the gases admitted by the cock o expand according to the adiabatic curve g-rz At the point r of the diagram, the piston c uncovers the aperture to the valve d, and the latter opens and permits the free escape of the excess of pressure into the chambers e and into the reservoir. W'hen the left hand side of the piston corresponds to the point o, lof the diagram, the excess of pressure has also been discharged and the valve d closes automatically. At this moment the gases on the left hand end of the piston expand according to the adiabatic curve e-s. When the left hand end of the piston corresponds to the point s, the pressure is slightly less than atmospheric, which results in opening of the valve b; air being admitted into the cylinder wherein the pressure remains constant, 'as indicated by the line .s--t of the diagram. When the position of the left hand side of the piston' correspondsgtothe point s, the compressed gas admitted into the cylinder through the cock o, has performed a certain work measured by the area Lt=(g, r, fu, s, o).

This work reduced, by ,the losses and the compression work produced at' the same time by the right hand end of the piston, is zufcumulated in the latter in the form of kinetic energy; the piston having then acquired a certain velocity. Owing to this kinetic energy the piston 'continues to advance to the right and only stops after the said kinetic energy has been utilized. The piston when advanced to the right, compresses this air according to the adiabatic curve tl-ul. The pressurey existing with the cylinder at the point u1 yis slightly greater than that in the reservoir, which automatically controls unseat-ing of the valve d', the pressure being thus maintained constant from 'u1-y1. The compression work eifected by the piston during the strokel t1-w1` is measured by thearea, t1, u1, y1, m1,

z'\. e. L U (useful work). The aperture of the valve d is entirely closed when the right hand face of the piston yarr1ves opposite to the points yl-L-ml of the diagram. Atthis moment, the escape 'of air isv interrupted, and the compression work .commences accordingy to the adlabatlclcurvey/l-zl, this compression work belngl done by the piston, 1s vgiven by the area fg( I w1, y1, s1, 01:140.

Duringthe stroke of the piston, friction,

etc., 1s produced, these losses being compensated' for by a part of the kinetic energy ofthe piston, their sum being indicated by L1'.

n As soon as the piston stops it has utilized its entire kinetic energy and the result is L1=Lu=LC=Im f It just at the moment of starting of the piston, one opens the cock p, for the arrival of the'combustible underl pressure, a certain quantity of combustible gas enters into the cylinder during the stroke of the iston from t1 to m1, and the air in the cyllnder, near the valve b', is carbureted. During vthe compression period t1/1-21, the air is highly heated, and, supposing that the instantaneous explosion of the gaseous i' mixture happens at the moment when the ri ht hand of the pistonl coincides with the line al, o1, ofthe diagram, one obtains an instantaneous increase of the pressure. which rises from 21 to g1. i y

Spontaneous explosion is preferable, but one could produce. the explosion bya prim-f ing apparatus las used for ordinary internal combustion engines. is immediately moved in the left hand direc-v during equation Therefore, the piston tion and the same phenomena are produced as the -irst strokefroln the left to the right, and so on.

Each stroke must have Lt=Lu+Lcll`fr, but if the lrsty stroke is vsuperior to the second, one obtains an increase of the veloclty of the piston l while on the contrary, if the second is greaterthan the first, one

for result the obtains a retardation and 'even `stopping of the piston. The governing of the velocity of the said piston may thus be effected within certain limits by opening the valve p o f the combustible,`more or less.

It will be understood from the foregoing, that all the caloric energy of the combustible burned with the present explosion compresser, comprises the .energy wasted by friction, except that the irradiated heat, vis again integrall found within the reservoir in the form o pressure and heat, the eiii-l ciency of the apparatus being, so to speak,

nearly equal to the unity.

For largev en ines, the cylinder of the compressor coul be too long and in such a case the compressor may have the form shown in Fig. 3, wherein the cylinder :is divided into the halves A-A, concentrically connected to a cylinder B having a greater diameter, within which moves a piston C, made in one piece with the two pistons D, D. The cylinder B works like a double acting air pump and is provided with inlet and outlet valves E, E', and F, F', while the two cylinders A, A and their pistons D, D' v work in the same manner as in the form described with reference to the Fig. 2. y In-this, and also in the foregoing fcase, the cooling may be effected by ribs or by water, in the meantime the cooling is not obtained in Fig. 3 by aspiration, but by the air driven-out by the great cylinder, this air being thus obliged to follow the path indicated by the arrows, with the assistance of v'conduits and diaphragms.

The invention is not limited to the form of embodiment set forth but different modifications may be made within the scope of the claims, and notably, with reference to the distribution of the combustible, without departing fromv the principleof the invention.

I claim:

1. A gaseous power generator comprising in combination,a cylinder, a projectlle like `chambers for said stems acting as closures stem provided with inlet perforations, a 15 for the inlets of said stems and having presfreely movable valve closure in each stem, sure connections opening to said chambers, and bearing members acting to close said substantially as described. openings in said stems upon movement of 5 2. A power generator comprising in comthe latter and having pressure connections bination, -a cylinder, a projectile like pisopening to said chambers, substantially as 20 ton in said cylinder, valve pressure Huid described. l. outlets between the ends of the cylinder ar- In. testimony whereof I have hereunto set ranged E) comnliluricate with the device to my hand in presence of two witnesses.

10 be supp ed wit uid pressure, va ve control fluid pressure starting means communi- GIUSEPPE MATRICARDI eating with the ends of said cylinder, air Witnesses: inlet valves opening to the ends of the cylin- Qtl'ro voN LASSARA, der, each air inlet valve having a hollow LYLE Roms. 

